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GLP-1 receptor

Category: Receptors · Last updated

The Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class-B Gαs-coupled G-protein-coupled receptor expressed on pancreatic β-cells, hypothalamic and brainstem neurons, gastric smooth muscle, and other tissues. Its endogenous ligand is GLP-1, a 30/31-amino-acid incretin peptide secreted by intestinal L-cells in response to nutrient intake.

Signaling

GLP-1R agonism activates adenylate cyclase → cAMP → PKA + EPAC2. The net effects:

  • Glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells
  • Suppressed glucagon release from α-cells (above the hypoglycemic threshold)
  • Delayed gastric emptying
  • Central appetite suppression via brainstem and hypothalamic GLP-1R

Relevance to research peptides

  • Semaglutide · once-weekly GLP-1R agonist (Ozempic / Wegovy / Rybelsus)
  • Liraglutide · once-daily GLP-1R agonist (Victoza / Saxenda)
  • Tirzepatide · dual GLP-1R / GIP-R agonist
  • Retatrutide · triple GLP-1R / GIPR / GCGR agonist

See also

Research framing only. Peppu Wiki documents the published research literature surrounding peptide compounds. Articles describe in-vitro and animal-model evidence, regulatory status, and community-reported protocols. Nothing on this site is medical advice, a recommendation for human use, or a substitute for consultation with a qualified clinician. All compounds discussed are research-use only. Citations should be verified at the source before relying on any quantitative claim.
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